I often get asked how one can protect their RFID tags (on assets) from being damaged, how do we know if it is really damaged and what are the things that one must avoid to not damage their RFID tags. Before we go into the details of how RFID tags and labels get damaged and how to protect these tags, let’s first understand what an RFID tag is.
RFID tags are electronic labels that consist of an RFID chip and an antenna, embedded in a substrate to make it look like a label or a hard tag. The substrate varies from paper, polyester, taffeta, and fabric to ABS plastic.
When attached to some asset, these RFID tags become the single tracking point for that asset, providing a unique ID that can be used to distinguish an asset from the lot. The RFID chip inside the tag can be encoded with the desired unique ID through the EPC memory bank and some more data can be added to the user memory of the RFID chip. These tags are available in 96-bit and 128-bit EPC memory capacity as offered by RFID chip manufacturers such as Impinj Inc., Alien Technology, NXP semiconductors, etc.
RFID Tags Do Get Damaged
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has revolutionized various industries by enabling automatic identification and tracking of objects through the use of tags that communicate with readers via radio waves. However, while RFID tags are designed for durability and efficiency, they are not immune to damage. It is a fact that RFID tags get damaged. It can be anything, from water, excessive heat, some chemicals, EMP passed through the tag (a good way to deactivate an RFID tag) or simply breakage in the chip or antenna lines. Understanding the factors that affect RFID tags and their performance, both indoors and outdoors, is crucial for optimizing their use in various applications.
Environmental Conditions that Can Damage an RFID Tag
One of the primary factors affecting RFID tags is the environment in which they operate. Both indoor and outdoor settings present unique challenges that can damage RFID tags.
1.Temperature Extremes negatively affect an RFID Tag
RFID tags often have specified operational temperature ranges. The 7020- UHF RFID Laundry Tag has a temperature rating of -40°C to +120°C for storage. Exposure to temperatures that exceed these limits can lead to physical damage or degradation of the tag’s electronic components. For instance, extreme heat can cause the plastic casing of the tag to warp or melt. Conversely, freezing temperatures can make materials brittle, leading to cracks and fractures.
2. Humidity and Moisture damaging RFID Tags
High humidity levels or direct exposure to water can severely affect RFID tags, especially those that are not specifically designed for wet environments. Moisture can infiltrate the tag casing, leading to corrosion of the electronic components, which can compromise the tag's functionality. Moreover, condensation can interfere with signal transmission, resulting in reading errors.
3. UV Radiation can damage RFID tags
Outdoor RFID tags are often subjected to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. This exposure can degrade the materials used in the tag's construction, particularly plastics and adhesives, leading to delamination or failure over time. Tags designed for outdoor use typically incorporate UV-resistant materials, but those that are not can suffer significant performance degradation.
Physical Stress Factors Damaging RFID Tags
In addition to environmental factors, physical stress can also lead to RFID tag damage.
1. Mechanical Impact Causes Damage in RFID Tags
RFID tags can be subjected to various forms of mechanical stress, such as bending, crushing, or impact. Improper handling during installation or transportation can cause physical damage, leading to a loss of functionality. For example, tags mounted on the exterior of objects may be prone to abrasion from environmental factors or contact with other materials.
2. Vibrations and Shocks affect RFID Tags too
In industrial settings, RFID tags can be exposed to vibrations and shocks from machinery. Continuous exposure to these conditions can lead to internal component failure, resulting in communication issues with RFID readers. It is a common issue in environments like warehouses or manufacturing plants where heavy machinery operates.
3. Chemical Exposure can damage an RFID Tag
Certain chemicals or solvents can adversely affect RFID tags, especially those not designed for harsh environments. For instance, exposure to oils, acids, or other corrosive substances can damage the tag's casing or electronic components, leading to malfunction or complete failure.
Interference and Signal Performance of RFID Tag is Compromised
Even though, sometimes, your RFID tag is not physically damaged but it can stop working efficiently. RFID tags rely on radio waves for communication, making them susceptible to interference from various sources, which can impact their performance both indoors and outdoors.
1.Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) can affect Tag Performance
RFID systems can be disrupted by electromagnetic fields generated by nearby electronic devices, such as motors, generators, or even other RFID systems. The interference can result in reduced read ranges or complete failure to communicate with the reader, particularly in crowded indoor environments.
2. Physical Obstructions Impede RFID Signal Transmission
The presence of physical objects between the RFID tag and the RFID reader can also impede signal transmission. In indoor settings, metal shelves, machinery, or walls can block signals. Outdoors, structures, vehicles, and even vegetation can obstruct communication, leading to unreliable readings.
3. Frequency Dependence is also an issue in RFID Tag performance
Different RFID systems operate on various frequency bands (low-frequency, high-frequency, ultra-high-frequency). Each frequency band has its propagation characteristics and limitations. For instance, UHF tags generally have a longer read range but can be more susceptible to interference from moisture and obstructions compared to low-frequency tags.
To conclude, the effectiveness of RFID technology is heavily influenced by the durability and performance of RFID tags, which can be compromised by various factors. Environmental conditions, physical stress, and signal interference all play critical roles in determining the lifespan and reliability of RFID tags, whether used indoors or outdoors. Understanding these vulnerabilities allows organizations to choose appropriate tags for their specific applications and implement strategies to mitigate potential damage, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of RFID systems.
Disclaimer: The information presented here is for general information purposes only and true to best of our understanding. Users are requested to use any information as per their own understanding and knowledge. Before using any of the information, please refer to our Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions.
